Python String module contains some constants, utility function, and classes for string manipulation.
Python String Module
It’s a built-in module and we have to import it before using any of its constants and classes.
String Module Constants
Let’s look at the constants defined in the string module.
import string
# string module constants
print(string.ascii_letters)
print(string.ascii_lowercase)
print(string.ascii_uppercase)
print(string.digits)
print(string.hexdigits)
print(string.whitespace) # ' tnrx0bx0c'
print(string.punctuation)
Output:
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
0123456789
0123456789abcdefABCDEF
!"#$%&'()*+,-./:;[email protected][]^_`{|}~
string capwords() function
Python string module contains a single utility function – capwords(s, sep=None). This function split the specified string into words using str.split(). Then it capitalizes each word using str.capitalize() function. Finally, it joins the capitalized words using str.join().
If the optional argument sep is not provided or None, then leading and trailing whitespaces are removed and words are separated with single whitespace. If it’s provided then the separator is used to split and join the words.
s=" Welcome TO nn JournalDev "
print(string.capwords(s))
Output: Welcome To Journaldev
Python String Module Classes
Python string module contains two classes – Formatter and Template.
Formatter
It behaves exactly same as str.format() function. This class become useful if you want to subclass it and define your own format string syntax.
Let’s look at a simple example of using Formatter class.
from string import Formatter
formatter = Formatter()
print(formatter.format('{website}', website="JournalDev"))
print(formatter.format('{} {website}', 'Welcome to', website="JournalDev"))
# format() behaves in similar manner
print('{} {website}'.format('Welcome to', website="JournalDev"))
Output:
Welcome to JournalDev
Welcome to JournalDev
Template
This class is used to create a string template for simpler string substitutions as described in PEP 292. It’s useful in implementing internationalization (i18n) in an application where we don’t need complex formatting rules.
from string import Template
t = Template('$name is the $title of $company')
s = t.substitute(name="Pankaj", title="Founder", company='JournalDev.')
print(s)
Output: Pankaj is the Founder of JournalDev.
Reference: Official Documentation