Python Pendulum module is a drop-in replacement for the built-in datetime module. Python pendulum module supports timezones and provides useful methods to format, parse and date time manipulations. This module provides all the features of pytz module and much more.
Python Pendulum Module
We can install pendulum module using PIP command.
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pip install pendulum |
Python Pendulum Example
We can use the pendulum module to create timezone objects and use it with datetime.now() function to create timezone aware datetime instance.
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from datetime import datetime import pendulum utc = pendulum.timezone('UTC') pst = pendulum.timezone('America/Los_Angeles') ist = pendulum.timezone('Asia/Calcutta') print(type(utc)) print('Current Date Time in UTC =', datetime.now(utc)) print('Current Date Time in PST =', datetime.now(pst)) print('Current Date Time in IST =', datetime.now(ist)) print(type(datetime.now(ist))) |
Output:
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<class 'pendulum.tz.timezone.FixedTimezone'> Current Date Time in UTC = 2018-09-25 09:16:45.031461+00:00 Current Date Time in PST = 2018-09-25 02:16:45.031501-07:00 Current Date Time in IST = 2018-09-25 14:46:45.031555+05:30 <class 'datetime.datetime'> |
Let’s see how to use pendulum module as a replacement of datetime module. However, if you are already using datetime module then it’s better to not mix them up.
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utc_time = pendulum.now('UTC') print(type(utc_time)) print('Current Date Time in UTC =', utc_time) |
Output:
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<class 'pendulum.datetime.DateTime'> Current Date Time in UTC = 2018-09-25T09:16:45.031608+00:00 |
Converting Timezones
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utc_time = pendulum.now('UTC') ist_time = utc_time.in_timezone('Asia/Calcutta') print(type(ist_time)) print('Current Date Time in IST =', ist_time) tz = pendulum.timezone('Europe/Paris') paris_time = tz.convert(ist_time) print('Current Date Time in Paris=", paris_time) |
Output:
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<class "pendulum.datetime.DateTime'> Current Date Time in IST = 2018-09-25T14:46:45.031608+05:30 Current Date Time in Paris = 2018-09-25T11:16:45.031608+02:00 |
Date Time Manipulations
We can use add() and subtract() functions for date time manipulations.
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utc_time.add(years=1) utc_time.subtract(months=2) print('Updated UTC Time', utc_time) |
Output: Updated UTC Time 2018-09-25T09:16:45.031608+00:00
Date Time Formatting
There are some useful methods to convert date time to standard formatted string. Pendulum module also has strftime() function where we can specify our own format.
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print(utc_time.to_iso8601_string()) print(utc_time.to_formatted_date_string()) print(utc_time.to_w3c_string()) print(utc_time.to_date_string()) # supports strftime() too print(utc_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z')) |
Output:
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2018-09-25T09:16:45.031608Z Sep 25, 2018 2018-09-25T09:16:45+00:00 2018-09-25 2018-09-25 09:16:45 UTC+0000 |
Parse String to Date Time
We can use parse() function to parse a string having commonly used formats to datetime object. If you want to specify format string, then use from_format() function.
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dt = pendulum.parse('2018-05-21T22:00:00') print(dt) dt = pendulum.parse('2018-05-21T22:00:00', tz='Europe/Paris') print(dt) # parsing using specified format string dt = pendulum.from_format('2018/05/21', 'YYYY/MM/DD') print(dt) |
Output:
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2018-05-21T22:00:00+00:00 2018-05-21T22:00:00+01:00 2018-05-21T00:00:00+00:00 |
Duration – timedelta replacement
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time_delta = pendulum.duration(days=1, hours=10, years=2) print(time_delta) print('time_delta years=", time_delta.years) print("time_delta in seconds=", time_delta.in_seconds()) print("time_delta in words=", time_delta.in_words()) print("future date=", pendulum.now() + time_delta) |
Output:
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2 years 1 day 10 hours time_delta years = 2 time_delta in seconds = 122400 time_delta in words = 2 years 1 day 10 hours future date = 2020-09-27T00:46:45.037866+05:30 |
Period of Time
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current_date = pendulum.now() future_date = current_date.add(days=4) period_time = future_date - current_date print("period in words=", period_time.in_words()) # period is iterable with days for dt in period_time: print(dt) |
Output:
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period in words = 4 days 2018-09-25T14:46:45.037972+05:30 2018-09-26T14:46:45.037972+05:30 2018-09-27T14:46:45.037972+05:30 2018-09-28T14:46:45.037972+05:30 2018-09-29T14:46:45.037972+05:30 |
Reference: Official Website