Today we will look into PHP operators. Earlier we went through PHP tutorial for beginners to get you started with variables and String.
PHP Operators
We can use PHP operators with String, integers, boolean and arrays.
PHP Operator Types
PHP scripting language provides different kinds of operators to work with variables such as arithmetic operators, comparison and logical operators.
1. PHP Arithmetic Operators
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| a+b | Addition | Sum of variables a and b, for example 2+3=5 |
| a-b | Subtraction | Difference of a and b, for example 5-2=3 |
| a*b | Multiplication | Product of a and b, for example 5*2=10 |
| a/b | Division | Quotient of a and b, for example 10/2=5 |
| a%b | Modulus | Remainder of a divided by b, for example 3%2=1 |
| -a | Negation | Opposite of x, for example -5 |
| a.b | Concatenation | Used to concat, for example “Pankaj” . “Kumar”=”PankajKumar” |
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<?php $a = 10; $b = 5; $c = 3; $d = 8; //addition example $add=$a + $b; echo $add; //prints 15 echo "<br>"; //subtraction example $sub = $a - $b; echo $sub; //prints 5 echo "<br>"; //multiplication example $mul = $a * $b; echo $mul; //prints 50 echo "<br>"; //division example $div = $a / $b; echo $div; // prints 2 echo "<br>"; echo $a/$c; //prints 3.3333333333333 echo "<br>"; echo $d/$c; //prints 2.6666666666667 echo "<br>"; //modulus example $mod= $a % $b; echo $mod; echo "<br>"; //prints 0 //Negation example $neg = -$a; echo $neg; //prints -10; echo "<br>"; //Concatenation example $str1="Pankaj"; $str2="Kumar"; echo $str1 . " " . $str2; //prints "Pankaj Kumar" echo "<br>"; echo $a . $b; //prints 105 echo "<br>"; echo $c . $d; //prints 38 ?> |
2. PHP Assignment Operators
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| a=b | The value of b will be set to a, the left side can be expressions also, for example a= 10-5 |
| a+=b | Same as a=a+b |
| a-=b | Same as a=a-b |
| a*=b | Same as a=a*b |
| a/=b | Same as a=a/b |
| a%=b | Same as a=a%b |
| a.=b | Same as a=a.b |
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<?php $a=12; //assignment operator example $b=$a; echo $b; //prints 12 echo "<br>"; $a+=$b; echo $a; //prints 24, same as a=a+b echo "<br>"; $a-=$b; echo $a; //prints 12, same as a=a-b=24-12 echo "<br>"; $a*=$b; echo $a; //prints 144, same as a=a*b=12*12 echo "<br>"; $a/=$b; echo $a; //prints 12, same as a=a/b=144/12 echo "<br>"; $a%=$b; echo $a; //prints 0, same as a=a%b=12%12 echo "<br>"; $a.=$b; echo $a; //prints 012, same as a=a.b=0.12=012 ?> |
3. PHP Increment/Decrement Operators
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ++a | Pre-increment | Increment a by 1 and then returns it |
| a++ | Post-increment | returns a and then increment it by 1 |
| –a | Pre-decrement | Decrement a by 1 and then returns it |
| a– | Post-decrement | returns a and then decrement it by 1 |
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<?php $a=12; //Pre-increment example $b=++$a; echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=13 ,b=13 echo "<br>"; //Post-increment example $b=$a++; echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=14 ,b=13 echo "<br>"; //Pre-decrement example $b=--$a; echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=13 ,b=13 echo "<br>"; //Post-decrement example $b=$a--; echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=12 ,b=13 echo "<br>"; ?> |
4. PHP Comparison Operators
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| a==b | Equal | True if a is equal to b |
| a===b | Identical | True if a is equal to b and of same type, 5===”5” is false |
| a!=b | Not equal | True if a and b are not equal |
| a<>b | Not equal | True if a and b are not equal |
| a!==b | Not identical | True if a and b are not equal and they are not of same type, for example 5!==”5″ returns true |
| a<b | Less than | True if a is less than b |
| a>b | Greater than | True if a is greater than b |
| a<=b | Less than or equal to | True if a is less than or equal to b |
| a>=b | Greater than or equal to | True if a is greater than or equal to b |
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<?php $a=10; $b="10"; $c=10; $d=5; //Equal example var_dump($a==$b); //prints bool(true) echo "<br>"; var_dump($a==$c); //prints bool(true) echo "<br>"; //Identical example var_dump($a===$b); //prints bool(false) echo "<br>"; var_dump($a===$c); //prints bool(true) echo "<br>"; //Not equal example var_dump($a!=$b); //prints bool(false) echo "<br>"; var_dump($a!=$c); //prints bool(false) echo "<br>"; var_dump($a<>$b); //prints bool(false) echo "<br>"; var_dump($a<>$c); //prints bool(false) echo "<br>"; //Not identical example var_dump($a!==$b); //prints bool(true) echo "<br>"; var_dump($a!==$c); //prints bool(false) echo "<br>"; //Less than example var_dump($a<$b); //prints bool(false) echo "<br>"; var_dump($a<$d); //prints bool(false) echo "<br>"; //Greater than example var_dump($a>$b); //prints bool(false) echo "<br>"; var_dump($a>$d); //prints bool(true) echo "<br>"; //Less than or equal to example var_dump($a<=$b); //prints bool(true) echo "<br>"; var_dump($a<=$d); //prints bool(false) echo "<br>"; //Greater than or equal to example var_dump($a>=$b); //prints bool(true) echo "<br>"; var_dump($a>=$d); //prints bool(true) echo "<br>"; ?> |
5. PHP Logical Operators
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| a and b | And | True if both a and b are true |
| a or b | Or | True if either a or b is true |
| a xor b | Xor | True if either a or b is true, but not both |
| !a | Not | True if a is not true |
| a && b | And | Same as and operator |
| a || b | Or | Same as or operator |
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<?php $a=true; $b=false; $c=true; //And example var_dump($a and $b); //prints bool(false) var_dump($a and $c); //prints bool(true) var_dump($a && $b); //prints bool(false) var_dump($a && $c); //prints bool(true) echo "<br>"; //Or example var_dump($a or $b); //prints bool(true) var_dump($a or $c); //prints bool(true) var_dump($a || $b); //prints bool(true) var_dump($a || $c); //prints bool(true) echo "<br>"; //Xor example var_dump($a xor $b); //prints bool(true) var_dump($a xor $c); //prints bool(false) echo "<br>"; //Not example var_dump(!$a); //prints bool(false) var_dump(!$b); //prints bool(true) echo "<br>"; ?> |
6. PHP Bitwise Operators
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| a & b | And | Bits that are set in both a and b are set. |
| a | b | Or | Bits that are set in either a or b are set |
| a ^ b | Xor | Bits that are set in a or b but not both are set |
| ~ a | Not | Bits that are set in a are not set, and vice versa |
| a << b | Shift left | Shift the bits of a, b steps to the left |
| a >> b | Shift right | Shift the bits of a, b steps to the right |
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<?php $a=15; // 00001111 $b=35; // 00100011 //Bitwise And example $c=$a & $b; // 00001111 // &00100011 // 00000011 echo $c; //prints 3 echo "<br>"; //Bitwise Or example $c=$a | $b; // 00001111 // |00100011 // 00101111 echo $c; //prints 47 echo "<br>"; //Bitwise Xor example $c=$a ^ $b; // 00001111 // ^00100011 // 00101100 echo $c; //prints 44 echo "<br>"; //Bitwise Not example $c=$a & ~$b; //bits that are set in a but not in b, 00001100 = 12 $d=$b & ~$a; //bits that are set in b but not in a, 00100000 = 32 echo $c; //prints 12 echo "<br>"; echo $d; //prints 32 echo "<br>"; //Shift left example $c=$a<<2; //bits shifted to left two places, 00111100 = 60 echo $c; //prints 60 echo "<br>"; //Shift right example $c=$a>>2; //bits shifted to right two places, 00000011 = 3 echo $c; //prints 3 ?> |
7. PHP Array Operators
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| a + b | Union | Union of a and b |
| a == b | Equality | True if a and b have same key/value pairs |
| a === b | Identity | True if a and b have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same types. |
| a != b | Inequality | True if a is not equal to b |
| a <> b | Inequality | True if a is not equal to b |
| a !== b | Non-Identity | True if a is not identical to b |
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<?php $cars=array("BMW","Toyota","Honda"); $buses=array("BMW","Volvo","Tata","Mercedez"); //Union of Arrays $cars_buses = $cars + $buses; $arrlength=count($cars_buses); for($x=0;$x<$arrlength;$x++) { echo $cars_buses[$x] . " "; //prints "BMW Toyota Honda Mercedez " } echo "<br>"; //Arrays Equality $cars1=array("BMW","2" => "Honda",1 => "Toyota"); var_dump($cars == $cars1); //prints bool(true); var_dump($cars == $buses); //prints bool(false); echo "<br>"; //Identical Arrays operator var_dump($cars === $cars1); //prints bool(false); var_dump($cars === $buses); //prints bool(false); echo "<br>"; //Inequality example var_dump($cars != $cars1); //prints bool(false); var_dump($cars != $buses); //prints bool(true); echo "<br>"; var_dump($cars <> $cars1); //prints bool(false); var_dump($cars <> $buses); //prints bool(true); echo "<br>"; //Non-Identical Arrays operator var_dump($cars !== $cars1); //prints bool(true); var_dump($cars !== $buses); //prints bool(true); echo "<br>"; ?> |
8. PHP Type Operator
instanceof is the type operator used to determine if a PHP variable is an instantiated object of a class or not.
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<?php class MyClass{} class OtherClass{} $var = new MyClass; var_dump($var instanceof MyClass); // prints bool(true) var_dump($var instanceof OtherClass); // prints bool(false) ?> |
That’s all for PHP operators. In the next tutorial, we will learn about PHP Conditional Statements, Arrays and Loops in PHP.