Welcome to Android SQLite Example Tutorial. Android SQLite is the mostly preferred way to store data for android applications. For many applications, SQLite is the apps backbone whether it’s used directly or via some third-party wrapper. Below is the final app we will create today using Android SQLite database.

android sqlite example tutorial

Android SQLite

Android SQLite is a very lightweight database which comes with Android OS. Android SQLite combines a clean SQL interface with a very small memory footprint and decent speed. For Android, SQLite is “baked into” the Android runtime, so every Android application can create its own SQLite databases.

Android SQLite native API is not JDBC, as JDBC might be too much overhead for a memory-limited smartphone. Once a database is created successfully its located in data/data//databases/ accessible from Android Device Monitor.

SQLite is a typical relational database, containing tables (which consists of rows and columns), indexes etc. We can create our own tables to hold the data accordingly. This structure is referred to as a schema.

Android SQLite SQLiteOpenHelper

Android has features available to handle changing database schemas, which mostly depend on using the SQLiteOpenHelper class.

SQLiteOpenHelper is designed to get rid of two very common problems.

  1. When the application runs the first time – At this point, we do not yet have a database. So we will have to create the tables, indexes, starter data, and so on.
  2. When the application is upgraded to a newer schema – Our database will still be on the old schema from the older edition of the app. We will have option to alter the database schema to match the needs of the rest of the app.

SQLiteOpenHelper wraps up these logic to create and upgrade a database as per our specifications. For that we’ll need to create a custom subclass of SQLiteOpenHelper implementing at least the following three methods.

  1. Constructor : This takes the Context (e.g., an Activity), the name of the database, an optional cursor factory (we’ll discuss this later), and an integer representing the version of the database schema you are using (typically starting from 1 and increment later).
  2. onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) : It’s called when there is no database and the app needs one. It passes us a SQLiteDatabase object, pointing to a newly-created database, that we can populate with tables and initial data.
  3. onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) : It’s called when the schema version we need does not match the schema version of the database, It passes us a SQLiteDatabase object and the old and new version numbers. Hence we can figure out the best way to convert the database from the old schema to the new one.

We define a DBManager class to perform all database CRUD(Create, Read, Update and Delete) operations.

Opening and Closing Android SQLite Database Connection

Before performing any database operations like insert, update, delete records in a table, first open the database connection by calling getWritableDatabase() method as shown below:

The dbHelper is an instance of the subclass of SQLiteOpenHelper.

To close a database connection the following method is invoked.

Inserting new Record into Android SQLite database table

The following code snippet shows how to insert a new record in the android SQLite database.

Content Values creates an empty set of values using the given initial size. We’ll discuss the other instance values when we jump into the coding part.

Updating Record in Android SQLite database table

The following snippet shows how to update a single record.

Android SQLite – Deleting a Record

We just need to pass the id of the record to be deleted as shown below.

Android SQLite Cursor

A Cursor represents the entire result set of the query. Once the query is fetched a call to cursor.moveToFirst() is made. Calling moveToFirst() does two things:

  • It allows us to test whether the query returned an empty set (by testing the return value)
  • It moves the cursor to the first result (when the set is not empty)

The following code is used to fetch all records:

Another way to use a Cursor is to wrap it in a CursorAdapter. Just as ArrayAdapter adapts arrays, CursorAdapter adapts Cursor objects, making their data available to an AdapterView like a ListView.

Let’s jump to our project that uses SQLite to store some meaningful data.

Android SQLite Example Project Structure

android-sqlite-project-226x450

In this application we wish to create records that store Country names and their respective currencies in the form of a ListView. We cover all the features discusses above.

Android SQLite Project Code

The application consists of 5 classes. We begin with defining with DatabaseHelper, which is a subclass of SQLiteOpenHelper as follows:

DatabaseHelper.java

As discussed above we have overridden the onCreate() and onUpgrade() methods besides the constructor. We’ve assigned the names to the database and the table as JOURNALDEV_COUNTRIES.DB and COUNTRIES respectively. The index column is auto incremented whenever a new row is inserted. The column names for country and currency are “subject” and “description”.

The DBManager classes is where the DatabaseHelper is initialized and the CRUD Operations are defined. Below is the code for this class:

DBManager.java

The CountryListActivity.java class is the activity which is launched when the application starts. Below is layout defined for it:

fragment_emp_list.xml

Here a ListView component is defined to included the records stored in the database. Initially the ListView would be empty hence a TextView is used to display the same.

CountryListActivity.java

In this activity the DBManager object is invoked to perform the CRUD Operations.

A SimpleCursorAdapter is defined to add elements to the list from the query results that are returned in an Cursor Object.
On list item click an intent is performed to open the ModifyCountryActivity class.

The menu contains an item to add a new record from the ActionBar. Here again an intent is performed to open the AddCountryActivity class. Below is menu.xml code.

menu.xml

The xml layout and code of AddCountryActivity.java file are defined below:

activity_add_record.xml

Two EditText components that take the inputs for country and currency along with a button to add the values to the database and display it in the ListView are defined.

AddCountryActivity.java

The CRUD operation performed here is adding a new record to the database.

The xml layout and code of ModifyCountryActivity.java file are defined below:

activity_modify_record.xml

It’s similar to the previous layout except that modify and delete buttons are added.

ModifyCountryActivity.java

The CRUD operations performed here are updating and deleting a record.

The below images are the screenshots of the final output of our project.

The first image is the output seen when the application is launched for the first time.

android-sqlite-output-1-247x450

The second image is the result of clicking the menu option from the ActionBar to add a new record as shown below.

android-sqlite-output-2-247x450

The third image shows an output when 3 records are added :

android-sqlite-output-2-247x450

The fourth image shows the output when any list item is clicked to modify or delete a record :

android-sqlite-output-2-247x450

The final image is the output when a record is deleted. In this example we delete the first record :

android-sqlite-output-2-247x450

Opening the Android SQLite Database file

To view this database we need to pull this file from the device to our desktop. This is done by clicking the menu option in the top right as seen in the image below :

android-sqlite-adm-2

To open this file download the SQLiteBrowser from this link.

The snippets below show the schema and tables in the browser.

android-sqlite-db-1-450x218

To view the table go to the Browse Data tab on top. The following image is seen:

android-sqlite-db-2

This brings an end to Android SQLite tutorial. The final Android SQLite Project is downloadable from the below link.

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